AMERICAN GOVERNMENT /美国政府
A. Principals of American Democracy / 美国民主原则
1. What is the supreme law of the land? / 美国的最高法律是什么？
答：The Constitution / 宪法
2. What does the Constitution do? / 宪法的作用是什么？
答：Sets up the government / 建立政府体制
答：Defines the government / 定义政府规范
答：Protects basic rights of Americans / 保护美国人的基本权利
3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? / 宪法的前三个字说明自治的概念。这三个字是什么？
答：We the People / 我们人民
4. What is an amendment? / 什么是修正案？
答：A change (to the Constitution) / （宪法的）更正
答：An addition (to the Constitution) / （宪法的）补充
5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? / 宪法的前十项修正案称为什么？
答：The Bill of Rights / 民权法案
6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? / 宪法第一条修正案中的一项权利或自由是什么？
答：Speech / 言论自由
答：Religion / 宗教自由
答：Assembly / 集会结社的自由
答：Press / 出版自由
答：Petition the government / 向政府请愿的自由
7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? / 宪法有几条修正案？
答：Twenty-seven (27) / 二十七 (27) 条
8. What did the Declaration of Independence do? / 《独立宣言》的作用是什么？
答：Announced our independence (from Great Britain) / 宣布美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Declared our independence (from Great Britain) / 宣告美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) / 表示美国（脱离英国而）独立
9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? / 列举《独立宣言》中的两项权利？
答：Life / 生命（的权利）
答：Liberty / 自由（的权利）
答：Pursuit of happiness / 追求幸福（的权利）
10. What is freedom of religion? / 什么是宗教自由？
答：You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. / 你可以信仰任何宗教，也可以不信仰任何宗教。
11. What is the economic system in the United States? / 美国的经济制度是什么？
答：Capitalist economy / 资本主义经济
答：Market economy / 市场经济
12. What is the “rule of law”? / “法治”是什么？
答：Everyone must follow the law / 人人都应遵守法律
答：Leaders must obey the law / 领导人必须遵守法律
答：Government must obey the law / 政府必须遵守法律
答：No one is above the law / 没有任何人在法律之上
B. System of Government/政府体制
13. Name one branch or part of the government. / 列举政府体制的一个分支或部门
答：Congress / 国会
答：Legislative / 立法部门
答：President / 总统
答：Executive / 行政部门
答：The courts / 法院
答：Judicial / 司法部门
14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? / 什么防止一个政府分支变得过于强大？
答：Checks and balances / 制衡
答：Separation of powers / 权力分立
15. Who is in charge of the executive / 谁负责行政部门？
答：The President / 总统
16. Who makes federal laws? / 谁制定联邦法律？
答：Congress / 国会
答：Senate and House (of Representatives) / 参议院和众议院
答：(U.S. or national) legislature / （美国或国家）立法部门
17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? / 美国国会由哪两个部分组成？
答：The Senate and House (of Representatives) / 参议院与众议院
18. How many U.S. Senators are there? / 美国参议员有几位？
答：One hundred (100) / 一百(100) 位
19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? / 我们选出的美国参议员任职多少年？
答：Six (6) / 六年
20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators? / 您所在州的现任一位美国参议员的名字是什么？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任参议员。
21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? / 众议院中有投票权的众议员有几位？
答：Four hundred thirty-five (435) / 四百三十五 (435) 位
22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? / 我们选出的美国众议员任职多少年？
答：Two (2) / 两（2）年
23. Name your U.S. Representative. / 列举您所在选区的美国众议员的名字
答：请点击查看您所在州的议员名字。
24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? / 美国参议员代表何人？
答：All people of the state / 所在州的所有人民
25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? / 为什么有些州的众议员人数比其他州多？
答：(because of) the state’s population / （由于）该州的人口
答：(because) they have more people / （由于）该州有更多人口
答：(because) some states have more people / （由于）该州的人口比其他州多
26. We elect a President for how many years? / 我们选出的总统任职多少年？
答：Four (4) / 四(4) 年
27. In what month do we vote for President? / 我们在哪一个月份选总统？
答：November / 十一月
28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?/现任美国总统的名字是什么？
答：Joe Biden / 乔·拜登
29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?/现任美国副总统的名字是什么？
答：Kamala Harris / 贺锦丽
30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?/如果总统不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Vice President / 副总统
31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? / 如果总统和副总统都不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Speaker of the House / 众议院议长
32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the Military? / 谁是三军统帅？
答：The President / 总统
33. Who signs bills to become laws? / 谁签署法案使之成为法律？
答：The President / 总统
34. Who vetoes bills? / 谁否决法案？
答：The President / 总统
35. What does the President’s Cabinet do? / 总统的内阁做什么事？
答：Advises the President / 向总统提出建议
36. What are two Cabinet-level positions? / 两个内阁级别的职位是什么？
答：Secretary of Agriculture / 农业部长
答：Secretary of Commerce / 商务部长
答：Secretary of Defense / 国防部长
答：Secretary of Education / 教育部长
答：Secretary of Energy / 能源部长
答：Secretary of Health and Human / 健康与人类服务部长
答：Secretary of Homeland Security / 国土安全部长
答：Secretary of Housing and Urban / 住宅与都市发展部长
答：Secretary of Interior / 内政部长
答：Secretary of State / 国务卿
答：Secretary of Transportation / 交通部长
答：Secretary of Treasury / 财政部长
答：Secretary of Veterans’ Affairs / 退伍军人事务部长
答：Secretary of Labor / 劳工部长
答：Attorney General / 司法部长
答：Vice President / 副总统
37. Does the judicial branch do? / 司法部门做什么？
答：Reviews laws / 审查法律
答：Explains laws / 解释法律
答：Resolves disputes (disagreements) / 解决争论（意见不一致）
答：Decides if a law goes against the Constitution / 决定某一法律是否抵触宪法
38. What is the highest court in the United States? / 美国最高法院是什么？
答：The Supreme Court / 联邦最高法院
39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? / 最高法院有几位大法官？
答：Nine (9) / 9 位
40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States? / 美国首席大法官是谁？
答：John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.) / 约翰‧罗伯兹（小约翰G.罗伯兹)
41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? / 根据我国宪法，有些权力属于联邦政府。联邦政府的一项权力是什么？
答：To print money / 印制钞票
答：To declare war / 宣战
答：To create an army / 创立军队
答：To make treaties / 签订条约
42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? / 根据我国宪法，有些权力属于州政府。州政府的一项权力是什么？
答：Provide schooling and education / 提供学校及教育
答：provide protection (police) / 提供保护（警察）
答：Provide safety (fire departments) / 提供安全（消防局）
答：Give a driver’s license / 核发驾驶执照
答：Approve zoning and land use / 批准区划与土地使用
43. Who is the Governor of your state? / 您居住州的现任州长是谁？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任州长。
44. What is the capital of your state? / 你所在州的首府为何？
答：请点击查看你所在州的首府。
45. What are the two major political parties in the United States? / 美国当今两大政党为何？
答：Democratic and Republican / 民主党和共和党
46. What is the political party of the President now? /现任总统属于哪个政党？
答：Democratic (Party) / 民主党
47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? / 众议院的议长是谁？
答：Nancy Pelosi / 南希·佩洛西
C. Rights and Responsibilities/权力与责任
48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them./宪法中有四个关于谁可以投票的修正案。试举一个。
答：Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote) / 十八（18）岁以上的公民（可以投票）
答：You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote / 您投票不必缴钱（缴投票税）
答：Any citizen can vote (Women and men can vote) / 任何公民都可以投票（男性与女性都可以投票）
答：A male citizen of any race (can vote) / 任何种族的男性公民 （都可以投票）
49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? / 列举一项美国公民才有的责任？
答：Serve on a jury / 当陪审员
答：Vote / 在联邦选举中投票
50. Name one right only for United States citizens / 列举一项美国公民才享有的权利
答：Vote in a federal election / 在联邦选举中投票的权利
答：Run for federal office / 竞选公职的权利
51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? / 每一个住在美国的人享有的两项权利是什么？
答：Freedom of expression / 表达自由
答：Freedom of speech / 言论自由
答：Freedom of assembly / 集会结社的自由
答：Freedom to petition the government / 向政府请愿自由
答：Freedom of worship / 宗教崇拜的自由
答：The right to bear arms / 持有武器的自由
52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? / 当我们宣誓效忠时，是向什么表达忠诚？
答：the United States / 美利坚合众国
答：The flag / 国旗
53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? / 当您成为美国公民时做出的一项承诺是什么？
答：Give up loyalty to other countries / 放弃效忠其他国家
答：Defend the Constitution and laws of the United States / 护卫美国的宪法及法律
答：Obey the laws of the United States / 遵守美国的法律
答：Serve in the U.S. military (if needed) / （必要时）加入美国军队
答：Serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) / （必要时）为国效劳（为国做重要工作）
答：Be loyal to the United States / 效忠美国
54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? / 美国公民必须几岁才能投票选举总统？
答：Eighteen (18) and older / 十八 （18）岁以上
55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? / 美国人参与民主政治的两种方法是什么？
答：Vote / 投票
答：Join a political party / 加入政党
答：Help with a campaign / 协助竞选活动
答：Join a civic group / 加入公民团体
答：Join a community group / 加入小区团体
答：Give an elected official your opinion on an issue / 向民选官员提供自己对某项议题的意见。
答：Call Senators and Representatives / 拨电给参议员和众议员
答：Publicly support or oppose an issue or policy / 公开支持或反对某个议题或政策
答：Run for office / 竞选公职
答：Write to a newspaper / 向报社投函
56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms? / 寄送联邦所得税表的截止日期是哪一天？
答：（每年的）4月15日
57. When must all men register for the Selective Service? / 所有男性到了哪个年龄必须注册兵役登记？
答：At age eighteen (18) / 年满十八（18）岁时
答：Between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26) / 十八（18）岁至二十六（26）岁之间
1. What is the supreme law of the land? / 美国的最高法律是什么？
答：The Constitution / 宪法
2. What does the Constitution do? / 宪法的作用是什么？
答：Sets up the government / 建立政府体制
答：Defines the government / 定义政府规范
答：Protects basic rights of Americans / 保护美国人的基本权利
3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? / 宪法的前三个字说明自治的概念。这三个字是什么？
答：We the People / 我们人民
4. What is an amendment? / 什么是修正案？
答：A change (to the Constitution) / （宪法的）更正
答：An addition (to the Constitution) / （宪法的）补充
5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? / 宪法的前十项修正案称为什么？
答：The Bill of Rights / 民权法案
6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? / 宪法第一条修正案中的一项权利或自由是什么？
答：Speech / 言论自由
答：Religion / 宗教自由
答：Assembly / 集会结社的自由
答：Press / 出版自由
答：Petition the government / 向政府请愿的自由
7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? / 宪法有几条修正案？
答：Twenty-seven (27) / 二十七 (27) 条
8. What did the Declaration of Independence do? / 《独立宣言》的作用是什么？
答：Announced our independence (from Great Britain) / 宣布美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Declared our independence (from Great Britain) / 宣告美国（脱离英国而）独立
答：Said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) / 表示美国（脱离英国而）独立
9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? / 列举《独立宣言》中的两项权利？
答：Life / 生命（的权利）
答：Liberty / 自由（的权利）
答：Pursuit of happiness / 追求幸福（的权利）
10. What is freedom of religion? / 什么是宗教自由？
答：You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. / 你可以信仰任何宗教，也可以不信仰任何宗教。
11. What is the economic system in the United States? / 美国的经济制度是什么？
答：Capitalist economy / 资本主义经济
答：Market economy / 市场经济
12. What is the “rule of law”? / “法治”是什么？
答：Everyone must follow the law / 人人都应遵守法律
答：Leaders must obey the law / 领导人必须遵守法律
答：Government must obey the law / 政府必须遵守法律
答：No one is above the law / 没有任何人在法律之上
B. System of Government/政府体制
13. Name one branch or part of the government. / 列举政府体制的一个分支或部门
答：Congress / 国会
答：Legislative / 立法部门
答：President / 总统
答：Executive / 行政部门
答：The courts / 法院
答：Judicial / 司法部门
14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? / 什么防止一个政府分支变得过于强大？
答：Checks and balances / 制衡
答：Separation of powers / 权力分立
15. Who is in charge of the executive / 谁负责行政部门？
答：The President / 总统
16. Who makes federal laws? / 谁制定联邦法律？
答：Congress / 国会
答：Senate and House (of Representatives) / 参议院和众议院
答：(U.S. or national) legislature / （美国或国家）立法部门
17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress? / 美国国会由哪两个部分组成？
答：The Senate and House (of Representatives) / 参议院与众议院
18. How many U.S. Senators are there? / 美国参议员有几位？
答：One hundred (100) / 一百(100) 位
19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? / 我们选出的美国参议员任职多少年？
答：Six (6) / 六年
20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators? / 您所在州的现任一位美国参议员的名字是什么？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任参议员。
21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? / 众议院中有投票权的众议员有几位？
答：Four hundred thirty-five (435) / 四百三十五 (435) 位
22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? / 我们选出的美国众议员任职多少年？
答：Two (2) / 两（2）年
23. Name your U.S. Representative. / 列举您所在选区的美国众议员的名字
答：请点击查看您所在州的议员名字。
24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? / 美国参议员代表何人？
答：All people of the state / 所在州的所有人民
25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? / 为什么有些州的众议员人数比其他州多？
答：(because of) the state’s population / （由于）该州的人口
答：(because) they have more people / （由于）该州有更多人口
答：(because) some states have more people / （由于）该州的人口比其他州多
26. We elect a President for how many years? / 我们选出的总统任职多少年？
答：Four (4) / 四(4) 年
27. In what month do we vote for President? / 我们在哪一个月份选总统？
答：November / 十一月
28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?/现任美国总统的名字是什么？
答：Joe Biden / 乔·拜登
29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?/现任美国副总统的名字是什么？
答：Kamala Harris / 贺锦丽
30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?/如果总统不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Vice President / 副总统
31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? / 如果总统和副总统都不能视事，则由谁成为总统？
答：the Speaker of the House / 众议院议长
32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the Military? / 谁是三军统帅？
答：The President / 总统
33. Who signs bills to become laws? / 谁签署法案使之成为法律？
答：The President / 总统
34. Who vetoes bills? / 谁否决法案？
答：The President / 总统
35. What does the President’s Cabinet do? / 总统的内阁做什么事？
答：Advises the President / 向总统提出建议
36. What are two Cabinet-level positions? / 两个内阁级别的职位是什么？
答：Secretary of Agriculture / 农业部长
答：Secretary of Commerce / 商务部长
答：Secretary of Defense / 国防部长
答：Secretary of Education / 教育部长
答：Secretary of Energy / 能源部长
答：Secretary of Health and Human / 健康与人类服务部长
答：Secretary of Homeland Security / 国土安全部长
答：Secretary of Housing and Urban / 住宅与都市发展部长
答：Secretary of Interior / 内政部长
答：Secretary of State / 国务卿
答：Secretary of Transportation / 交通部长
答：Secretary of Treasury / 财政部长
答：Secretary of Veterans’ Affairs / 退伍军人事务部长
答：Secretary of Labor / 劳工部长
答：Attorney General / 司法部长
答：Vice President / 副总统
37. Does the judicial branch do? / 司法部门做什么？
答：Reviews laws / 审查法律
答：Explains laws / 解释法律
答：Resolves disputes (disagreements) / 解决争论（意见不一致）
答：Decides if a law goes against the Constitution / 决定某一法律是否抵触宪法
38. What is the highest court in the United States? / 美国最高法院是什么？
答：The Supreme Court / 联邦最高法院
39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? / 最高法院有几位大法官？
答：Nine (9) / 9 位
40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States? / 美国首席大法官是谁？
答：John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.) / 约翰‧罗伯兹（小约翰G.罗伯兹)
41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? / 根据我国宪法，有些权力属于联邦政府。联邦政府的一项权力是什么？
答：To print money / 印制钞票
答：To declare war / 宣战
答：To create an army / 创立军队
答：To make treaties / 签订条约
42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? / 根据我国宪法，有些权力属于州政府。州政府的一项权力是什么？
答：Provide schooling and education / 提供学校及教育
答：provide protection (police) / 提供保护（警察）
答：Provide safety (fire departments) / 提供安全（消防局）
答：Give a driver’s license / 核发驾驶执照
答：Approve zoning and land use / 批准区划与土地使用
43. Who is the Governor of your state? / 您居住州的现任州长是谁？
答：请点击查看您所在州的现任州长。
44. What is the capital of your state? / 你所在州的首府为何？
答：请点击查看你所在州的首府。
45. What are the two major political parties in the United States? / 美国当今两大政党为何？
答：Democratic and Republican / 民主党和共和党
46. What is the political party of the President now? /现任总统属于哪个政党？
答：Democratic (Party) / 民主党
47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? / 众议院的议长是谁？
答：Nancy Pelosi / 南希·佩洛西
C. Rights and Responsibilities/权力与责任
48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them./宪法中有四个关于谁可以投票的修正案。试举一个。
答：Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote) / 十八（18）岁以上的公民（可以投票）
答：You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote / 您投票不必缴钱（缴投票税）
答：Any citizen can vote (Women and men can vote) / 任何公民都可以投票（男性与女性都可以投票）
答：A male citizen of any race (can vote) / 任何种族的男性公民 （都可以投票）
49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens? / 列举一项美国公民才有的责任？
答：Serve on a jury / 当陪审员
答：Vote / 在联邦选举中投票
50. Name one right only for United States citizens / 列举一项美国公民才享有的权利
答：Vote in a federal election / 在联邦选举中投票的权利
答：Run for federal office / 竞选公职的权利
51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? / 每一个住在美国的人享有的两项权利是什么？
答：Freedom of expression / 表达自由
答：Freedom of speech / 言论自由
答：Freedom of assembly / 集会结社的自由
答：Freedom to petition the government / 向政府请愿自由
答：Freedom of worship / 宗教崇拜的自由
答：The right to bear arms / 持有武器的自由
52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? / 当我们宣誓效忠时，是向什么表达忠诚？
答：the United States / 美利坚合众国
答：The flag / 国旗
53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? / 当您成为美国公民时做出的一项承诺是什么？
答：Give up loyalty to other countries / 放弃效忠其他国家
答：Defend the Constitution and laws of the United States / 护卫美国的宪法及法律
答：Obey the laws of the United States / 遵守美国的法律
答：Serve in the U.S. military (if needed) / （必要时）加入美国军队
答：Serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed) / （必要时）为国效劳（为国做重要工作）
答：Be loyal to the United States / 效忠美国
54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President? / 美国公民必须几岁才能投票选举总统？
答：Eighteen (18) and older / 十八 （18）岁以上
55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? / 美国人参与民主政治的两种方法是什么？
答：Vote / 投票
答：Join a political party / 加入政党
答：Help with a campaign / 协助竞选活动
答：Join a civic group / 加入公民团体
答：Join a community group / 加入小区团体
答：Give an elected official your opinion on an issue / 向民选官员提供自己对某项议题的意见。
答：Call Senators and Representatives / 拨电给参议员和众议员
答：Publicly support or oppose an issue or policy / 公开支持或反对某个议题或政策
答：Run for office / 竞选公职
答：Write to a newspaper / 向报社投函
56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms? / 寄送联邦所得税表的截止日期是哪一天？
答：（每年的）4月15日
57. When must all men register for the Selective Service? / 所有男性到了哪个年龄必须注册兵役登记？
答：At age eighteen (18) / 年满十八（18）岁时
答：Between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26) / 十八（18）岁至二十六（26）岁之间